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1 проходить испытания
•The rig has undergone (or has been subjected to) standard tests.
•The theory has been put to many experimental tests.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > проходить испытания
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2 подвергаться жёстким испытаниям
•The trestles were put through (or subjected to) arduous (or severe, or rigorous) tests.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > подвергаться жёстким испытаниям
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3 проходить жёсткие испытания
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > проходить жёсткие испытания
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4 Behr, Fritz Bernhard
[br]b. 9 October 1842 Berlin, Germanyd. 25 February 1927[br]German (naturalized British in 1876) engineer, promoter of the Lartigue monorail system.[br]Behr trained as an engineer in Britain and had several railway engineering appointments before becoming associated with C.F.M.-T. Lartigue in promoting the Lartigue monorail system in the British Isles. In Lartigue's system, a single rail was supported on trestles; vehicles ran on the rail, their bodies suspended pannier-fashion, stabilized by horizontal rollers running against light guide rails fixed to the sides of the trestles. Behr became Managing Director of the Listowel \& Ballybunion Railway Company, which in 1888 opened its Lartigue system line between those two places in the south-west of Ireland. Three locomotives designed by J.T.A. Mallet were built for the line by Hunslet Engine Company, each with two horizontal boilers, one either side of the track. Coaches and wagons likewise were in two parts. Technically the railway was successful, but lack of traffic caused the company to go bankrupt in 1897: the railway continued to operate until 1924.Meanwhile Behr had been thinking in terms far more ambitious than a country branch line. Railway speeds of 150mph (240km/h) or more then lay far in the future: engineers were uncertain whether normal railway vehicles would even be stable at such speeds. Behr was convinced that a high-speed electric vehicle on a substantial Lartigue monorail track would be stable. In 1897 he demonstrated such a vehicle on a 3mile (4.8km) test track at the Brussels International Exhibition. By keeping the weight of the motors low, he was able to place the seats above rail level. Although the generating station provided by the Exhibition authorities never operated at full power, speeds over 75mph (120 km/h) were achieved.Behr then promoted the Manchester-Liverpool Express Railway, on which monorail trains of this type running at speeds up to 110mph (177km/h) were to link the two cities in twenty minutes. Despite strong opposition from established railway companies, an Act of Parliament authorizing it was made in 1901. The Act also contained provision for the Board of Trade to require experiments to prove the system's safety. In practice this meant that seven miles of line, and a complete generating station to enable trains to travel at full speed, must be built before it was known whether the Board would give its approval for the railway or not. Such a condition was too severe for the scheme to attract investors and it remained stillborn.[br]Further ReadingH.Fayle, 1946, The Narrow Gauge Railways of Ireland, Greenlake Publications, Part 2, ch. 2 (describes the Listowel \& Ballybunion Railway and Behr's work there).D.G.Tucker, 1984, "F.B.Behr's development of the Lartigue monorail", Transactions ofthe Newcomen Society 55 (covers mainly the high speed lines).See also: Brennan, LouisPJGR -
5 Lartigue, Charles François Marie-Thérèse
[br]b. 1834 Toulouse, France d. 1907[br]French engineer and businessman, inventor of the Lartigue monorail.[br]Lartigue worked as a civil engineer in Algeria and while there invented a simple monorail for industrial or agricultural use. It comprised a single rail carried on trestles; vehicles comprised a single wheel with two tubs suspended either side, like panniers. These were pushed or pulled by hand or, occasionally, hauled by mule. Such lines were used in Algerian esparto-grass plantations.In 1882 he patented a monorail system based on this arrangement, with important improvements: traction was to be mechanical; vehicles were to have two or four wheels and to be able to be coupled together; and the trestles were to have, on each side, a light guide rail upon which horizontal rollers beneath the vehicles would bear. Early in 1883 the Lartigue Railway Construction Company was formed in London and two experimental prototype monorails were subsequently demonstrated in public. One, at the Paris Agricultural Exhibition, had an electric locomotive that was built in two parts, one either side of the rail to maintain balance, hauling small wagons. The other prototype, in London, had a small, steam locomotive with two vertical boilers and was designed by Anatole Mallet. By now Lartigue had become associated with F.B. Behr. Behr was Managing Director of the construction company and of the Listowel \& Ballybunion Railway Company, which obtained an Act of Parliament in 1886 to built a Lartigue monorail railway in the South West of Ireland between those two places. Its further development and successful operation are described in the article on Behr in this volume.A much less successful attempt to establish a Lartigue monorail railway took place in France, in the départment of Loire. In 1888 the council of the département agreed to a proposal put forward by Lartigue for a 10 1/2 mile (17 km) long monorail between the towns of Feurs and Panissières: the agreement was reached on the casting vote of the Chairman, a contact of Lartigue. A concession was granted to successive companies with which Lartigue was closely involved, but construction of the line was attended by muddle, delay and perhaps fraud, although it was completed sufficiently for trial trains to operate. The locomotive had two horizontal boilers, one either side of the track. But the inspectors of the department found deficiencies in the completeness and probable safety of the railway; when they did eventually agree to opening on a limited scale, the company claimed to have insufficient funds to do so unless monies owed by the department were paid. In the end the concession was forfeited and the line dismantled. More successful was an electrically operated Lartigue mineral line built at mines in the eastern Pyrenees.It appears to have reused equipment from the electric demonstration line, with modifications, and included gradients as steep as 1 in 12. There was no generating station: descending trains generated the electricity to power ascending ones. This line is said to have operated for at least two years.[br]Bibliography1882, French patent no. 149,301 (monorail system). 1882, British patent no. 2,764 (monorail system).Further ReadingD.G.Tucker, 1984, "F.B.Behr's development of the Lartigue monorail", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 55 (describes Lartigue and his work).P.H.Chauffort and J.-L.Largier, 1981, "Le monorail de Feurs à Panissières", Chemin defer régionaux et urbains (magazine of the Fédération des Amis des Chemins de FerSecondaires) 164 (in French; describes Lartigue and his work).PJGRBiographical history of technology > Lartigue, Charles François Marie-Thérèse
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6 caballete
m.1 easel.2 trestle.3 bridge.4 ridge.5 carpenter's horse, horse, trestle horse.6 gantry.* * *1 (de pintor) easel2 ARQUITECTURA ridge3 TÉCNICA trestle4 (de nariz) bridge* * *noun m.1) easel2) ridge* * *SM (Arte) easel; (Téc) trestle; [de tejado, de tierra labrada] ridge; [de chimenea] cowl; (Anat) bridge (of the nose)caballete de serrar — sawhorse, sawbuck (EEUU)
caballete para bicicleta — bicycle clamp, bicycle rest
* * *a) ( de la nariz) bridgeb) ( para mesa) trestle; (para lienzo, pizarra) easel; ( de moto) kickstand; ( del tejado) ridge* * *= easel, trestle.Ex. If the pieces cannot be named concisely, add 'various pieces' and optionally give the details of the pieces in a note; e.g., 1 diorama (various pieces) - Note: Contains 1 small stage and 1 easel.Ex. The earliest frames seem to have been no more than a pair of trestles on which the large case of the single lay was placed.----* caballete de la barra = bar-catch.* * *a) ( de la nariz) bridgeb) ( para mesa) trestle; (para lienzo, pizarra) easel; ( de moto) kickstand; ( del tejado) ridge* * *= easel, trestle.Ex: If the pieces cannot be named concisely, add 'various pieces' and optionally give the details of the pieces in a note; e.g., 1 diorama (various pieces) - Note: Contains 1 small stage and 1 easel.
Ex: The earliest frames seem to have been no more than a pair of trestles on which the large case of the single lay was placed.* caballete de la barra = bar-catch.* * *1 (de la nariz) bridge2 (para una mesa) trestle; (para un lienzo, una pizarra) easel3 (de una moto) kickstand4 (del tejado) ridge5 (en carpintería) sawhorse6 ( Chi) (en gimnasia) horse* * *
caballete sustantivo masculino ( para mesa) trestle;
(para lienzo, pizarra) easel;
( de moto) kickstand;
( del tejado) ridge
caballete sustantivo masculino
1 (de pintor) easel
2 (para una mesa, un banco, etc) trestle
3 (hueso de la nariz) bridge
' caballete' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
burro
- tendedero
English:
bridge
- easel
- horse
- ridge
- trestle
* * *caballete nm1. [de pintor] easel2. [de mesa] trestle3. [de nariz] bridge4. [de tejado] ridge* * *m1 PINT easel2 TÉC trestle* * *caballete nm1) : ridge2) : easel3) : trestle (for a table, etc.)4) : bridge (of the nose)5) : sawhorse* * *caballete n (de pintor) easel -
7 borriquete
m.sawhorse, trestle.* * *1 sawhorse* * *SM (Arte) easel; (Téc) sawhorse, sawbuck (EEUU)* * *= trestle.Ex. The earliest frames seem to have been no more than a pair of trestles on which the large case of the single lay was placed.* * *= trestle.Ex: The earliest frames seem to have been no more than a pair of trestles on which the large case of the single lay was placed.
* * *1 (en carpintería) sawhorse2 ( Art) easel* * *f, borriquete m TÉC sawhorse -
8 Gestell
n; -(e)s, -e1. zur Ablage: rack; (Regal) shelves Pl.; (Ständer) stand; (Stütze) support; (Bock) trestle; für Wäsche: clothes(-)horse2. von Brille, Fahrrad etc.: frame; Bettgestell, Fahrgestell etc.3. umg., hum. (Beine) legs Pl.; (Person) beanpole; (Körper) lanky frame; er ist nur ein dürres / langes Gestell he’s as skinny as a rake (Am. rail) ( oder all skin and bone) / he’s a long drink of water (Am. a beanpole)* * *das Gestelltrestle; frame; rack; chassis; horse* * *Ge|stẹll [gə'ʃtɛl]nt -(e)s, -e1) stand; (= Regal) shelf; (= Ablage) rack; (= Rahmen, Bettgestell, Brillengestell, Tischgestell) frame; (auf Böcken) trestle; (= Wäschegestell) clothes dryer; (aus Holz) clotheshorse; (= Fahrgestell) chassis; (= Flugzeuggestell) undercarriage (esp Brit), landing gear; (TECH von Hochofen) hearth2) (fig, inf = Beine) pins pl (inf)langes Gestell — beanpole (inf)
* * *das1) (a frame or shelf in or on which objects (eg letters, plates, luggage etc) are put until they are wanted or needed: Put these tools back in the rack; Put your bag in the luggage-rack.) rack2) (a wooden support with legs: The platform was on trestles; ( also adjective) a trestle table.) trestle* * *Ge·stell<-[e]s, -e>[gəˈʃtɛl]nt2. (Rahmen) frame3. (Untergestell) framedas \Gestell eines Theodolites the tripod of a theodolite4. (Fahrgestell) chassis5. (Flugzeuggestell) undercarriage, landing gear* * *das; Gestell[e]s, Gestelle2) (Unterbau) frame; (eines Wagens) chassis* * *1. zur Ablage: rack; (Regal) shelves pl; (Ständer) stand; (Stütze) support; (Bock) trestle; für Wäsche: clothes(-)horseer ist nur ein dürres/langes Gestell he’s as skinny as a rake (US rail) ( oder all skin and bone)/he’s a long drink of water (US a beanpole)* * *das; Gestell[e]s, Gestelle2) (Unterbau) frame; (eines Wagens) chassis* * *-e n.frame n.rack n.stand n.support n. -
9 ko|zioł
Ⅰ m pers. (N pl kozły) pot., pejor. stubborn mule pot., pejor.- nie przekonasz tego kozła the stubborn mule won’t change his mindⅡ m anim. Zool. (samiec kozy) (billy) goat; (samiec sarny) buck Ⅲ m inanim (A kozioł a. kozła) 1. (dla woźnicy) (coachman’s) box, coachman’s seat- siedzieć na koźle to sit on the (coachman’s) box2. (stojak) (pod blat, pomost) trestle; (do suszenia trawy, koniczyny) (drying) rack; (do piłowania) sawhorse- stół na kozłach a trestle table- suszyć koniczynę na drewnianym koźle to dry clover on a wooden rack- piłować drewno na koźle to saw wood on a sawhorse- postawić łódź na kozłach to put a boat on trestles a. a (dry) rack3. (przyrząd gimnastyczny) horse, (vault) buck- skakać przez kozła to vault over a horse4. Sport (odbicie piłki) bounce- kopnąć piłkę z kozła to kick a ball on the bounce5. Muz. bagpipe(s) 6. (piramida) stack- ustawić broń w kozły to stack guns (up against each other)- kozioł śnieżny Zool. mountain goat■ kozioł ofiarny scapegoat- zrobić z kogoś kozła ofiarnego to make a scapegoat of sb- uparty jak kozioł as stubborn as a mule- fiknąć kozła pot. (zrobić obrót) to turn a. do a somersault; (wywrócić się) to come a cropper GB pot., to take a tumble a. spillThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ko|zioł
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10 vibia
vĭbĭa, ae, f., a plank, cross-piece supported on trestles (varae) so as to form a [p. 1985] bank;hence the proverb: sequitur varam vibia,
one error follows another, Aus. Idyll. 12 praef. monos.; v. vara. -
11 trestle
[ˈtresl] nouna wooden support with legs:مِنْصَبَه خَشَبِيَّه، جَحْش( also adjective) a trestle table.
См. также в других словарях:
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